I-Ruby Mander Alizarin ingumbala omusha we-Winsor & Newton owenziwe ngezinzuzo ze-alizarin yokwenziwa.Siphinde sathola lo mbala ezinqolobaneni zethu, futhi encwadini yemibala yango-1937, osokhemisi bethu banquma ukuzama ukufanisa lolu hlobo olunamandla lwe-Alizarin Lake enombala omnyama.
Sisenawo amabhukwana ombhali wemibala waseBrithani uGeorge Field;waziwa ngokusebenza eduze nomsunguli wethu ekwakhiweni kwemibala.Ngemva kokuba i-Field ithuthukise indlela yokwenza umbala we-madder uhlale isikhathi eside, kwenziwa olunye ucwaningo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezinye izinhlobo ezinhle ze-madder, umbala oyinhloko i-alizarin.
Impande ye-madder evamile (i-Rubia tinctorum) iye yatshalwa futhi yasetshenziselwa ukudaya izindwangu okungenani iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, nakuba kwathatha isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba isetshenziswe kupende.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenzisa i-madder njenge-pigment, kufanele uqale uguqule udayi oncibilika emanzini ube inhlanganisela engancibiliki ngokuwuhlanganisa nosawoti wensimbi.
Uma ingancibiliki, ingomiswa kanye nomhlabathi oqinile wezinsalela futhi ixutshwe nendawo yokupenda, njenganoma iyiphi i-pigment yamaminerali.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-lake pigment futhi kuyindlela esetshenziselwa ukwenza imibala eminingi ngezitshalo noma zezilwane.
Amanye amachibi ama-madder okuqala atholwe ezitsheni zobumba zase-Cypriot kusukela ngekhulu lesi-8 BC.Amachibi aseMadder nawo asetshenziswa emifanekisweni eminingi yama-mummy yamaRomano-Egyptian.Emdwebeni waseYurophu, i-madder yayivame ukusetshenziswa phakathi nekhulu le-17 nele-18.Ngenxa yezinto ezisobala ze-pigment, amachibi ama-madder ayevame ukusetshenziselwa ukucwebezela
Indlela evamile ukusebenzisa i-madder glaze phezu kwe-vermilion ukuze udale umbala obomvu okhanyayo.Le ndlela ingabonakala emidwebeni eminingana ka-Vermeer, njenge-Girl with a Red Riding Hood (c. 1665).Ngokumangalisayo, zimbalwa kakhulu izindlela zokupheka zomlando zamachibi ama-madder.Esinye isizathu salokhu kungase kube ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, odayi be-madder abaveli ezitshalweni, kodwa kusukela ezindwangu ezidayiwe kakade.
Ngo-1804, uGeorge Field wayesesungule indlela eyenziwe lula yokukhipha odayi ezimpandeni ze-madder kanye ne-madder ehlala echibini, okwaholela ekuzinzeni kombala.Igama elithi "madder" lingatholakala ukuchaza ububanzi bemibala ebomvu, kusukela ensundu kuye kokunsomi kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imibala ecebile yodayi be-madder iwumphumela wokuxuba okuyinkimbinkimbi kombala.
Isilinganiso salezi mibala singathonywa yizici eziningi, kusukela ohlotsheni lwesitshalo se-madder esisetshenziswayo, inhlabathi lapho isitshalo sikhula khona, kuye ekutheni izimpande zigcinwa futhi zicutshungulwe kanjani.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala we-pigment yokugcina ye-madder nawo uyathinteka yinsimbi kasawoti esetshenziselwa ukuyenza ingancibiliki.
Usokhemisi waseBrithani uWilliam Henry Perkin waqokwa kulesi sikhundla ngo-1868 ngososayensi baseJalimane uGraebe noLieberman, ababenelungelo lobunikazi befomula yokwenziwa kwe-alizarin ngosuku olwedlule.Lona umbala wokuqala wemvelo wokwenziwa.Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwenza lokhu ukuthi i-alizarin yokwenziwa ibiza ngaphansi kwesigamu senani le-alizarin yemvelo, futhi inokukhanya okungcono.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitshalo ze-madder zithatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ukuze zifinyelele amandla azo amaningi ombala, okulandelwa inqubo ende nedla isikhathi yokukhipha odayi bazo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-25-2022