5 Amathiphu Okupenda Amafutha Kwabaqalayo

Uma ungakaze ufunde ukudlala umculo, ukuhlala neqembu labaculi besebenzisa amagama obuchwepheshe ukuchaza umsebenzi wabo kungaba isivunguvungu solimi oludidayo, olumnandi.Isimo esifanayo singenzeka lapho ukhuluma nabadwebi abapenda ngamafutha: ngokuzumayo usengxoxweni lapho bephikisana ngamaphuzu amahle kakhulu ombala, bexoxa ngezinzuzo zendwangu uma kuqhathaniswa nelineni, noma ukwabelana ngezindlela zokupheka ze-gesso yasekhaya, izincomo zebhulashi, kanye nendlela ebizwa ngokuthi “wet-on-wet.”Ubuningi bolimi oluhambisana nokupenda kwamafutha kungase kuzwe kukhungatheka ekuqaleni, kodwa uma uzinika isikhathi sokuzijwayeza ngemigomo nemikhuba emihle kakhulu, uzobe usendleleni yokusebenzisa ngendlela yamakhulu eminyaka kalula.

Uma usaqala, ungalindeli ubuqiniso be-Old Masters emisebenzini yakho yobuciko embalwa yokuqala.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umusha ukudweba, noma umdwebi osebenza kwenye indawo, njengama-acrylics noma ama-watercolor, kuzothatha isikhathi ukufunda izimfanelo ezithile zopende kawoyela--ikakhulukazi isikhathi sawo sokumisa kancane kanye nemithetho eqinile yokubeka izingqimba.Njenganoma iyiphi indlela, kuhle kakhulu ukuzehlisa kulokho okulindele, futhi uzinikeze indawo yokuhlola nokutholwa.

Ukuze sisize amaciko anamehlo aqhakazile alangazelela ukuzama amafutha, sikhulume namaciko amabili afundisa ukudweba futhi sahlanganisa amathiphu amahlanu okuzijwayeza indlela yokudweba.

1. Penda Ngokuphepha

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela lapho uzopenda khona.Imimoya eminingi, njenge-turpentine, ikhipha intuthu enobuthi engabangela isiyezi, ukuquleka, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkinga zokuphefumula.I-Turpentine nayo ivutha kakhulu, futhi ngisho namanikiniki amunce i-medium angakwazi ukuzishisa uma engalahlwanga kahle.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi usebenze endaweni engenawo umoya ekwazi ukuthola indlela ephephile yokulahla.Uma ungenalo ikhono lokusebenza endaweni enjalo, zamaukudweba ngama-acrylics, engathatha kalula ezinye zezimfanelo zepende yamafutha ngosizo lwama-mediums akhethekile.

I-pigments ekupende kawoyela ngokuvamile iquketheamakhemikhali ayingoziezingadonswa ngesikhumba, ngakho-ke kufanele ugqoke amagilavu ​​okuzivikela kanye nezingubo.Abaculi abaningi abangochwepheshe bazogodla izindatshana ezithile zezingubo uma besebenza, futhi bathuthukise kancane kancane ikhabethe le-studio.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaculi bavame ukuthenga amagilavu ​​e-latex ngobuningi, kodwa uma unokungezwani ne-latex, amagilavu ​​e-nitrile angathatha indawo yawo.Okokugcina, uma kwenzeka uzithola usebenza ngezimibala-bala ezixegayo, qiniseka ukuthi ufaka umshini wokuphefumula.Lezi zinyathelo zingase zibonakale zizincane noma zisobala, kodwa zingakwazivimbela ukuchayeka okungamahlalakhonaezintweni ezinobuthi, kanye nokukhathazeka impilo yonke.

2. Zinike isikhathi sokwazi izinto zakho

Uma usuqinisekise izinyathelo zokuphepha zakho, ungaqala ukwenzakancanethola ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo namathuluzi owathanda kakhulu.Ngokuvamile, umdwebi osanda kuqala ukusebenza ngopende kawoyela uzofuna ukuqoqa ukukhethwa kwamabhulashi, ama-rags, i-palette, izindawo ezizopenda kuzo (ezivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi izisekelo), i-primer, i-turpentine, i-medium, namashubhu ambalwa kapende.

NgobaUMargaux Valengin, umdwebi ofundise kulo lonke elase-UK ezikoleni ezifana neManchester School of Art kanye neSlade School of Fine Art yaseLondon, ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu ibhulashi.“Uma uwanakekela kahle amabhulashi akho, azohlala impilo yakho yonke,” ephawula.Qala ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezahlukene, ubheke ukuhlukahluka komumo––nxazonke, isikwele, kanye namajamo wabalandeli yizibonelo ezithile––kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo, njengezinwele ezisable noma ezishwabezelayo.U-Valengin weluleka ukuthi uzithengele mathupha esitolo,hhayiku-inthanethi.Ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukubuka ngokomzimba izimfanelo kanye nokwehluka kwamabhulashi ngaphambi kokuwathenga.

Mayelana nopende, u-Valengin uncoma ukutshala imali kumapende angabizi kakhulu uma ungumuntu osaqalayo.Ishubhu engu-37 ml yopende kawoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu ingabiza imali engaphezulu kuka-$40, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga opende abashibhile ngenkathi usazivocavoca futhi uzama.Futhi njengoba uqhubeka nokudweba, uzothola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo nemibala oyikhethayo."Ungagcina usuthanda lokhu okubomvu kulolu hlobo, bese uthola ukuthi uthanda lokhu okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolunye uhlobo," u-Valengin wanikela."Uma usuwazi okwengeziwe ngemibala, ungafaka imali kumbala ofanele."

Ukwengeza amabhulashi akho nopende, qiniseka ukuthi uthenga ummese wephalethi ozoxuba ngawo imibala yakho—ukwenza kanjalo ngebhulashi esikhundleni sakho kungagcina sekulimaze amabhulashi akho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Okwephalethi, amaciko amaningi atshala imali ocezwini olukhulu lwengilazi, kodwa u-Valengin uphawula ukuthi uma kwenzeka uthole ucezu lwengilazi oluyisipele, ungalusebenzisa ngokumane usonge imiphetho yayo nge-tape yokudonsa.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-canvas noma ezinye izisekelo, abaculi abaningi basebenzisa i-acrylic gesso—i-primer emhlophe ewugqinsi—kodwa ungasebenzisa futhi iglue yesikhumba sikanogwaja, eyoma kucace.Uzodinga ne-solvent, njenge-turpentine, ukuze unciphise upende wakho, futhi abaculi abaningi ngokuvamile bagcina izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezihlukene zama-mediums asekelwe uwoyela esandleni.Amanye ama-mediums, njengamafutha e-linseed, azosiza upende lwakho lome ngokushesha, kanti amanye, njengamafutha omile, azokwelula isikhathi sokumisa.

Upende wamafutha uyomangokwedlulelekancane, futhi ngisho noma ubuso buzwakala bomile, upende ngaphansi kusengaba manzi.Uma usebenzisa upende owenziwe ngamafutha, kufanele uhlale ukhumbula le mithetho emibili engqondweni: 1) upende uncike kakhulu (noma "unamafutha phezu kwe-lean"), futhi 2) ungalokothi ubeke ama-acrylic phezu kwamafutha.Ukudweba "ukuncika ekugqimeni" kusho ukuthi kufanele uqale imidwebo yakho ngopende omncane, futhi njengoba uqhubeka ungqimba, kufanele wengeze i-turpentine encane kanye ne-oyili esekelwe ngaphezulu;ngaphandle kwalokho, izingqimba zopende zizokoma ngokungalingani, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuso bomsebenzi wakho wobuciko buzoqhekeka.Okufanayo kuya ekubekeni ama-acrylics namafutha - uma ungafuni ukuthi upende lwakho luqhekeke, faka amafutha ngaphezulu kwama-acrylics.

3. Nciphisa iphalethi yakho

Uma uyothenga upende, cishe uzohlangatshezwa nothingo olunemibala elingana nodonga.Esikhundleni sokuthenga yonke imibala ongathanda ukuyifaka emdwebeni wakho, qala ngezimbalwa nje - khetha ngokucophelela amashubhu."Indlela ekhiqiza kakhulu yokuqala ukukhawulela i-palette yakho," kuphawulaSedrick Chisom, umculi ofundisa eVirginia Commonwealth University."Imvamisa, i-cadmium orange noma i-ultramarine blue combo iyisinqumo esithandwayo lapho siqala," engeza.Uma usebenza ngemibala emibili ephambene, njengoluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nowolintshi, kuphoqa ukuthi ugxile enanini––ukuthi umbala wakho ukhanya noma umnyama kangakanani––esikhundleni sokuqina noma i-chroma.

Uma wengeza elinye ishubhu kuphalethi yakho, elifana nokukhanya okuphuzi kwe-cadmium (okuphuzi okuphaphathekile), noma okubomvu okwe-alizarin (umbala we-magenta), uzobona ukuthi imbalwa kangakanani imibala oyidingayo ukuze udale wonke omunye umbala.“Esitolo, bathengisa zonke izinhlobo zokuluhlaza ongazenza ngokuphuzi nokuluhlaza,” kusho uValengin.“Kuwumkhuba omuhle ukuzama ukwenza eyakho imibala.”

Uma ungahambisani nethiyori yemibala, zama ukwenza ishadi ukuze ubone ukuthi imibala yakho ihlangana kanjani: qala ngokudweba igridi, bese ubeka umbala wakho ngamunye phezulu nangaphansi.Esikweleni ngasinye, hlanganisa amanani alinganayo emibala uze ugcwalise ishadi nazo zonke izinhlanganisela zemibala ezingaba khona.

4. Zama ukudweba ngommese we-palette

Umsebenzi wokuqala uChisom awuncomayo kubadwebi abasha ukwakha umdwebo usebenzisa ummese wephalethi esikhundleni samabhulashi."Enye yezinkinga eziyisisekelo eziphakamayo ihlobene nokucabangela ukuthi amakhono okudweba ahumusheka ekudwebeni," kusho uChisom.“Abafundi bagxila emibonweni yokudweba futhi basheshe bakhungatheke ngokukhathazeka okuqondene nopende kawoyela––ukuthi impahla ayiyona imidiya eyomile, lowo mbala ungamisa isithombe kangcono kunomugqa isikhathi esiningi, ukuthi indawo engaphezulu iyingxenye. womdwebo, njll."

Ukusebenzisa ummese wephalethi kukuphoqa ukuthi usuke emibonweni yokunemba nomugqa, futhi kukwenza ugxile ekutheni ukusunduza nokudonsa kombala nomumo kungasenza kanjani isithombe.U-Chisom uncoma ukusebenza endaweni okungenani eyi-intshi engu-9-by-13, njengoba indawo enkulu ingase ikukhuthaze ukuthi wenze amamaki amakhulu, ukuzethemba okwengeziwe.

5. Penda isihloko esifanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe

Phakathi nekilasi lami lokuqala lokudweba uwoyela njengomfundi wezobuciko e-The Cooper Union, ngacasuka iphrojekthi eyodwa ikakhulukazi: Kwadingeka sipende impilo efanayo, ngokuphindaphindiwe, izinyanga ezintathu.Kodwa uma ngibheka emuva, manje sengiyabona ukuthi kwakubaluleke kangakanani ukuba nesihloko esigxilile ngenkathi ngifunda ubuciko bokudweba.

Uma unamathela ekudwebeni isihloko esifanayo isikhathi eside, uzokhululeka ekucindezelweni kokuthi "ukhethe" ukuthi yini engena emfanekisweni wakho, futhi esikhundleni salokho, ukucabanga kwakho kokudala kuzokhanya ekusetshenzisweni kopende wakho.Uma ukunaka kwakho kugxile kumasu okudweba amafutha, ungaqala ukunaka ngokukhethekile yonke i-brushstroke-–indlela eqondisa ngayo ukukhanya, ukuthi isetshenziswa kangakanani noma izacile kangakanani, noma ukuthi isho ukuthini.“Lapho sibheka umdwebo, siyakwazi ukubona izimpawu zebhulashi, singabona ukuthi hlobo luni lwamabhulashi umdwebi awasebenzisayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abadwebi bazama ukucisha ibhulashi.Abanye basebenzisa amanikiniki,” kusho uValengin."Isenzo umdwebi asenza ku-canvas sikunikeza into eyingqayizivele."

Isitayela somdwebi singaba yinkimbinkimbi ngokomqondo njengesihloko asipendayo.Lokhu kuvame ukuba njalo lapho abadwebi besebenza “bet-on-wet”––indlela lapho upende omanzi ufakwa ungqimba lwangaphambili lukapende, olungakemi.Uma usebenza ngalesi sitayela, kunzima ukwendlalela upende ukuze udale inkohliso yesithombe esingokoqobo, ngakho-ke i-tactility kanye ne-fluidity kapende kuba umqondo oyinhloko.Noma ngezinye izikhathi, njengakumdwebo we-Color Field, umsebenzi wobuciko uzosebenzisa izindiza ezinkulu zombala ukuze udale umphumela womzwelo noma womkhathi.Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni sokuveza ukulandisa ngezithombe, yindlela umdwebo owenziwe ngayo oxoxa indaba.